Non-intersecting leaf insertion algorithm for tree structure models
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review
Standard
Non-intersecting leaf insertion algorithm for tree structure models. / Åkerblom, Markku; Raumonen, Pasi; Casella, Eric; Disney, Mathias I.; Danson, F. Mark; Gaulton, Rachel; Schofield, Lucy A.; Kaasalainen, Mikko.
In: Interface Focus, Vol. 8, No. 2, 20170045, 06.04.2018.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex - Download
}
RIS (suitable for import to EndNote) - Download
TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-intersecting leaf insertion algorithm for tree structure models
AU - Åkerblom, Markku
AU - Raumonen, Pasi
AU - Casella, Eric
AU - Disney, Mathias I.
AU - Danson, F. Mark
AU - Gaulton, Rachel
AU - Schofield, Lucy A.
AU - Kaasalainen, Mikko
PY - 2018/4/6
Y1 - 2018/4/6
N2 - We present an algorithm and an implementation to insert broadleaves or needleleaves into a quantitative structure model according to an arbitrary distribution, and a data structure to store the required information efficiently. A structure model contains the geometry and branching structure of a tree. The purpose of this work is to offer a tool for making more realistic simulations of tree models with leaves, particularly for tree models developed from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) measurements. We demonstrate leaf insertion using cylinder-based structure models, but the associated software implementation is written in a way that enables the easy use of other types of structure models. Distributions controlling leaf location, size and angles as well as the shape of individual leaves are user definable, allowing any type of distribution. The leaf generation process consist of two stages, the first of which generates individual leaf geometry following the input distributions, while in the other stage intersections are prevented by carrying out transformations when required. Initial testing was carried out on English oak trees to demonstrate the approach and to assess the required computational resources. Depending on the size and complexity of the tree, leaf generation takes between 6 and 18 min. Various leaf area density distributions were defined, and the resulting leaf covers were compared with manual leaf harvesting measurements. The results are not conclusive, but they show great potential for the method. In the future, if our method is demonstrated to work well for TLS data from multiple tree types, the approach is likely to be very useful for three-dimensional structure and radiative transfer simulation applications, including remote sensing, ecology and forestry, among others.
AB - We present an algorithm and an implementation to insert broadleaves or needleleaves into a quantitative structure model according to an arbitrary distribution, and a data structure to store the required information efficiently. A structure model contains the geometry and branching structure of a tree. The purpose of this work is to offer a tool for making more realistic simulations of tree models with leaves, particularly for tree models developed from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) measurements. We demonstrate leaf insertion using cylinder-based structure models, but the associated software implementation is written in a way that enables the easy use of other types of structure models. Distributions controlling leaf location, size and angles as well as the shape of individual leaves are user definable, allowing any type of distribution. The leaf generation process consist of two stages, the first of which generates individual leaf geometry following the input distributions, while in the other stage intersections are prevented by carrying out transformations when required. Initial testing was carried out on English oak trees to demonstrate the approach and to assess the required computational resources. Depending on the size and complexity of the tree, leaf generation takes between 6 and 18 min. Various leaf area density distributions were defined, and the resulting leaf covers were compared with manual leaf harvesting measurements. The results are not conclusive, but they show great potential for the method. In the future, if our method is demonstrated to work well for TLS data from multiple tree types, the approach is likely to be very useful for three-dimensional structure and radiative transfer simulation applications, including remote sensing, ecology and forestry, among others.
KW - Laser scanning
KW - Leaf distribution
KW - Leaf insertion
KW - Quantitative structure model
KW - Tree reconstruction
U2 - 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0045
DO - 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0045
M3 - Article
VL - 8
JO - Interface Focus
JF - Interface Focus
SN - 2042-8898
IS - 2
M1 - 20170045
ER -