The proposed workshop aims to form a community of individuals interested in using computing technology to promote healthcare and support wellness in the context of homecare. We strive to connect and engage researchers from several distinct fields of scientific inquiry and practice: people with clinical experience, developers of enabling technologies and HCI researchers interested in home healthcare and issues such as aging in place. The focus of this one-day workshop is on establishing common ground in vocabulary, research methods and research framework; understanding the shared needs of people with health challenges, their families and clinicians, and developing a joint framework for future research.

We present a binary graph classifier (BGC) which allows to classify large, unweighted, undirected graphs. This classifier is based on a local decomposition of the graph for each node in generalized trees. The obtained trees, forming the tree set of the graph, are then pairwise compared by a generalized tree-similarity-algorithm (GTSA) and the resulting similarity scores determine a characteristic similarity distribution of the graph. Classification in this context is defined as mutual consistency for all pure and mixed tree sets and their resulting similarity distributions in a graph class. We demonstrate the application of this method to an artificially generated data set and for data from microarray experiments of cervical cancer.

Today's handheld mobile devices with advanced multimedia capabilities and wireless broadband connectivity have emerged as potential new tools for journalists to produce news articles. It is envisioned that they could enable faster, more authentic, and more efficient news production, and many large news producing organizations, including Reuters and BBC, have recently been experimenting with them. In this paper, we present a field study on using mobile devices to produce news articles. During the study, a group of 19 M.A.-level journalism students used the Mobile Journalist Toolkit, a lightweight set of tools for mobile journalist work built around the Nokia N82 camera phone, to produce an online news blog. Our results indicate that while the mobile device cannot completely replace the traditional tools, for some types of journalist tasks they provide major benefits over the traditional tools, and are thus a useful addition to the journalist's toolbox.

We describe key elements and contents of an e-learning course on practical information security that deals with awareness and skills required in daily life. We have had good results in reaching the learning goals and in low resource consuming nature from a teacher's point of view. From a student's point of view the course has been laborious but very instructive and meaningful. We outline also the opportunities of using such a course to contribute to work for information security awareness and usability studies.

To improve both the quality and the trustworthiness perception of Open Source Software (OSS) products, we introduce the new idea of certifying the testing process of an OSS system. While the global certification of an OSS product is an emerging research field, the idea of certifying only its testing process has never been studied, conversely to the case of Closed Source Software (CSS) products. The certification of the testing process has a twofold goal: simplify the process of testing OSS products by guiding developers in identifying the proper testing strategies and the limitations of their existing testing plans; simplify the selection of equivalent OSS and CSS products by evaluating the certificates released by the companies. Specifically, in this paper we discuss 1) a set of issues, inherent to OSS, that must be taken into account when testing the OSS product; 2) a preliminary methodology that suggests how to certificate the testing process of OSS products; 3) the BusyBox case study that shows how our idea can be applied to real-life OSS.

Workspace analysis is one of the most important issues in robotic manipulator design. This paper introduces a systematic method of analysis the wrench feasible workspace for general redundant cable-driven parallel manipulators. In this method, wrench feasible workspace is formulated in term of linear matrix inequalities and projective method is used for solving them. This method is one of the most efficient interiorpoint methods with a polynomial-time complexity. Moreover, the notion of dexterous workspace is defined, which can be determined for redundant cable driven manipulators exerting a worst case external wrench at the end effector. A detailed case study of the wrench feasible workspace and dexterous workspace determination are included for a six DOF, eight actuated cable-driven redundant parallel manipulator.

This paper presents an approach to the control of the KNTU CDRPM using an integrated control scheme. The goal in this approach is achieving accurate trajectory tracking while assuring positive tension in the cables. By the proposed controller, the inherent nonlinear behavior of the cable and the target tracking errors are simultaneously compensated. In this paper asymptotic stability analysis of the close loop system is studied in detail. Moreover, it is shown that the integrated control strategy reduces the tracking error by 80% compared to that of a single loop controller in the considered manipulator. The closed-loop performance of the control topology is analyzed by a simulation study that is performed on the manipulator. The simulation study verifies that the proposed controller is not only promising to be implemented on the KNTU CDRPM, but also being suitable for other cable driven manipulators.

Background. Open Source Software (OSS) provides increasingly serious and viable alternatives to traditional closed source software. The number of OSS users is continuously growing, as is the number of potential users that are interested in evaluating the quality of OSS. The latter would greatly benefit from simple methods for evaluating the trustworthiness of OSS. Objective. This paper aims at finding a quantitative relationship between the perceived quality of OSS and a few simple objective measures. Method. the users' and developers' evaluations of trustworthiness and reliability of OSS products were collected and correlated to static code measures, called "Elementary Code Assessment" rules, which check very simple rules that well-written code should satisfy. Results. The result of the analysis is a set of quantitative models that link static measures of the source code to perceivable qualities of OSS. These models can be used by: 1) end-users and developers that would like to reuse existing OSS products and components, to evaluate the level of trustworthiness and reliability that can be expected based on the characteristics of code; 2) developers of OSS products, who can set code quality targets based on the level of trustworthiness and reliability they want to achieve. Conclusions. The perceivable quality of OSS seems to be predictable on the basis of simple static code measures. However, only a part of the many measures produced by tools appears actually correlated to the quality of software that are perceivable by users.

The quality of Open Source Software (OSS) is generally much debated. Some state that it is generally higher than closed-source counterparts, while others are more skeptical. In the QualiSPo project the authors addressed the problem of evaluating OSS products in a manner that is both as complete as possible and objective. To this end, a toolset and an evaluation framework are needed. The paper describes such toolset and framework, and accounts for the first evaluations that are being obtained.

Dataflow-based application specifications are widely used in model-based design methodologies for signal processing systems. In this paper, we develop a new model called the dataflow schedule graph (DSG) for representing a broad class of dataflow graph schedules. The DSG provides a graphical representation of schedules based on dataflow semantics. In conventional approaches, applications are represented using dataflow graphs, whereas schedules for the graphs are represented using specialized notations, such as various kinds of sequences or looping constructs. In contrast, the DSG approach employs dataflow graphs for representing both application models and schedules that are derived from them. Our DSG approach provides a precise, formal framework for unambiguously representing, analyzing, manipulating, and interchanging schedules. We develop detailed formulations of the DSG representation, and present examples and experimental results that demonstrate the utility of DSGs in the context of heterogeneous signal processing system design.

The performance of many cryptographic primitives is reliant on efficient algorithms and implementation techniques for arithmetic in binary fields. While dedicated hardware support for said arithmetic is an emerging trend, the study of software-only implementation techniques remains important for legacy or non-equipped processors. One such technique is that of software-based bit-slicing. In the context of binary fields, this is an interesting option since there is extensive previous work on bit-oriented designs for arithmetic in hardware, such designs are intuitively well suited to bit-slicing in software. In this paper we harness previous work, using it to investigate bit-sliced, software-only implementation arithmetic for binary fields, over a range of practical field sizes and using a normal basis representation. We apply our results to demonstrate significant performance improvements for a stream cipher, and over the frequently employed Ning-Yin approach to normal basis implementation in software.

Gaze data processing is an important and necessary step in gaze-based applications. This study focuses on the comparison of several gaze-to-object mapping algorithms using various dwell times for selection and presenting targets of several types and sizes. Seven algorithms found in literature were compared against two newly designed algorithms. The study revealed that a fractional mapping algorithm (known) has produced the highest rate of correct selections and fastest selection times, but also the highest rate of incorrect selections. The dynamic competing algorithm (designed) has shown the next best result, but also high rate of incorrect selections. A small impact on the type of target to the calculated statistics has been observed. A strictly centered gazing has helped to increase the rate of correct selections for all algorithms and types of targets. The directions for further mapping algorithms improvement and future investigation have been explained.

In spite of the advances in theory of formal specifications, they have not gained a wide popularity in the software development industry. This could be due to difficulties in understanding them or positioning them into the current work practices, however, we believe that one major problem is that the tool support still does not make the use of the formal specifications easy enough for the software developer. We discuss the required functionality for comprehensive tool support for executable DisCo specifications, and propose a tool architecture based on database technology, and finally, discuss our implementation of the core part of the tool set.

The present aim was to study the preference of tactile feedback stimulations given by non-physical (i.e., solid) piezo-actuated buttons. Participants (n=16) ranked 16 different tactile feedback stimuli varied by 4 output delays and 4 vibration durations. The results showed that the mean ranks of the stimuli differed significantly from each other. The timing parameters of delay and duration interacted with each other, for example, so that preference of certain vibration duration fluctuated in response to different output delays. Using a very short time window (i.e., 10-453 ms) combining both delay and duration parameters of the feedback could result either in favorable or significantly less favorable subjective experience. The results suggest that a preferred perception of tactile feedback from non-physical buttons requires careful design and controlling of the timing parameters.

Facial expressions are emotionally, socially and otherwise meaningful reflective signals in the face. Facial expressions play a critical role in human life, providing an important channel of nonverbal communication. Automation of the entire process of expression analysis can potentially facilitate human-computer interaction, making it to resemble mechanisms of human-human communication. In this paper, we present an ongoing research that aims at development of a novel spatiotemporal approach to expression classification in video. The novelty comes from a new facial representation that is based on local spatiotemporal feature descriptors. In particular, a combined dynamic edge and texture information is used for reliable description of both appearance and motion of the expression. Support vector machines are utilized to perform a final expression classification. The planned experiments will further systematically evaluate the performance of the developed method with several databases of complex facial expressions.

This paper presents a framework for evaluating and designing game design patterns commonly called as "achievements". The results are based on empirical studies of a variety of popular achievement systems. The results, along with the framework for analyzing and designing achievements, present two definitions of game achievements. From the perspective of the achievement system, an achievement appears as a challenge consisting of a signifying element, rewards and completion logics whose fulfilment conditions are defined through events in other systems (usually games). From the perspective of a single game, an achievement appears as an optional challenge provided by a meta-game that is independent of a single game session and yields possible reward(s).

Alternate Reality Games (ARG) tend to have story-driven game structures. Hence, it is useful to investigate how player activities interact with the often pre-scripted storyline in this genre. In this article, we report on a study of a particular ARG production, Conspiracy For Good (CFG), which was at the same time emphasising the role of strong storytelling, and active on-site participation by players. We uncover multiple levels of friction between the story content and the mode of play of live participants, but also between live and online participation. Based on the observations from the production, we present design recommendations for future productions with similar goals.

So far the field of game studies has mostly bypassed the everyday meanings attached to the material manifestations of digital games. Based on qualitative survey data, this article examines what kind of personal and collective values are attached to the physical copies of games, including the storage medium and packaging. The results show how materiality resonates with the reliability and unambiguity of ownership. Furthermore, games as physical objects can have a key role in the project of creating a home, receiving their meaning as part of a wider technological and popular cultural meaning structure. Finally, collecting associates games with more general issues of identity, sociability and history. Through storing and organising games and having them on display, gamers position themselves as part of game culture, gather subcultural capital and ensure the possibility for nostalgia.

IEEE 802.11 wireless networks have received much attention over the past number of years. Still certain aspects of behavior of wireless networks have not been studied well enough. For example, understanding MAC layer packet delay distribution remains challenging yet. However, obtaining such distribution is highly beneficial for modeling QoS provided by wireless networks. This paper proposes a way of obtaining MAC delay distribution in case of single-hop networks. The proposed way is based on theory of terminating renewal processes and delivers approximation of good precision.

Several enhanced pointing techniques aim to reduce the Fitts' law targeting distance by providing multiple target trajectories in the hope that a shorter path is available. However, these techniques introduce a search or decision component to pointing - users must examine the alternatives available and decide upon the trajectory to use. We analyse these difficulties, present a methodology for examining them as well as other behaviour issues, and report empirical results of performance with pointer wrapping and Ninja cursors. Results show that offering multiple trajectories incurs a significant search or decision cost, and that users are therefore poor at capitalising on the theoretical benefits of reduced target distance.

Design by Contract (DbC) and unit testing (UT) are complementary approaches to improve the belief of correctness and the quality of the software. The interplay between the two techniques has been studied previously, e.g., in the use of test oracles and test automation. However, we propose that DbC should drive the UT to become more cost-effective. The paper demonstrates some means for this approach by showing how to test a mapping data structure entirely with just one unit test script.

CAL is a dataflow oriented language for writing high-level specifications of signal processing applications. The language has recently been standardized and selected for the new MPEG Reconfigurable Video Coding standard.

This paper reports a novel capillary microgripper. The microgripper is fabricated from silicon using deep reactive ion etching and is designed to be especially suitable for self-alignment. The gripper is shown to retain its self-alignment capabilities even when the head of the gripper does not match the size of the component. This mechanism is analyzed using numerical simulations and tested in pick-and-place experiments using commercial laser diode components. The advantage of the capillary microgripper has been demonstrated in picking and aligning microchips from adhesive films, which requires substantial picking force.

In this paper, we are concerned with how a real-world social situation shapes the interaction with a novel technology that combines collocated mobile phone and public display use for groups of people. We present a user study of a system that allows collaborative creation and sharing of comic strips on public displays in a social setting such as a pub or café. The system utilizes mobile phones and public displays for shared collaborative expression between collocated users. A user study spanning three sessions was conducted in real-world settings: one during the social event following a seminar on games research and two in a bar on a regular weekday evening. We present and discuss our findings with respect to how the larger social situation and location influenced the interaction with the system, the collaboration between participants of a team, how people moved between different roles (i.e., actor, spectator and bystander), and the privacy issues it evoked from participants.

This paper presents an investigation into the performance of squeezing as a manipulative interaction technique in comparison to tilting with an aim to answer two questions: is squeezing an effective input technique for mobile devices and can tactile feedback improve performance? The experiment results show that both input methods are viable but squeezing is significantly faster and more sustainable than tilting (with and without tactile feedback).

Modern high end mobile devices employ multi-core platforms and support diverse distributed applications due to increased computational power. A brisk performance evaluation phase is required after the application modelling to evaluate feasibility of new distributed applications on the multi-core mobile platforms. GENESYS modelling methodology which employs service-oriented and component based distributed application design has been extended for this purpose such that application level services are refined to platform-level services allowing mapping of GENESYS application architecture to workload models used in performance evaluation. This results in easy extraction of application workload models, reducing the time and effort in the performance evaluation phase needed for architectural exploration. This article presents the way brisk performance evaluation of distributed GENESYS applications is achieved by employing extended GENESYS distributed application architecture. The approach is experimented with a case study. UML2.0 MARTE profile, Papyrus UML2.0 modelling tool and SystemC were used for modelling and simulation.

Research and documentation of live action role-playing games, or larps, must tackle problems of ephemerality, subjectivity, first person audience and co-creation, as well as the underlying question of what larps are. In this paper these challenges are outlined and solutions to handling them are proposed. This is done through the prism of producing a picture-heavy art book on Nordic larp. The paper also discussed the problems of writing about game cultures as an insider and makes a case for addressing normative choices in game descriptions head on.

Background: Open Source Software (OSS) is used by a continuously growing number of people, both end-users and developers. The quality of OSS is thus an issue of increasing interest. Specifically, OSS stakeholders need to trust OSS with respect to a number of qualities. Objective: This paper focuses on the level of trust that OSS stakeholders have in OSS reliability, one of the most important software qualities. The goal of the work reported here is to investigate to what extent the perception of reliability by users depends on objectively measurable characteristics of software. Method: We collected subjective user evaluations of the reliability of 22 Java OSS products, and then we measured their code characteristics that are generally believed to affect the quality of software. Finally, we carried out a correlational study to predict the perceived level of reliability of OSS based on the measured characteristics of the software code. Result: We obtained a set of statistically significant quantitative models, collectively called MOSST\REL, which account for the dependence of the perceived reliability of OSS on objectively observable qualities of Java code. Conclusions: The models we obtained can be used by: 1) endusers and developers that would like to reuse existing OSS products and components, to evaluate the perceived level of reliability of these OSS products that can be expected based on the characteristics of code; 2) the developers of OSS products, who can set code quality targets based on the level of perceived reliability they want to achieve.

Although eye typing (typing on an on-screen keyboard via one's eyes as they are tracked by an eye tracker) has been studied for more than three decades now, we still know relatively little about it from the users' point of view. Standard metrics such as words per minute and keystrokes per character yield information only about the effectiveness of the technology and the interaction techniques developed for eye typing. We conducted an extensive study with almost five hours of eye typing per participant and report on extended qualitative and quantitative analysis of the relationship of dwell time, text entry rate, errors made, and workload experienced by the participants. The analysis method is comprehensive and stresses the need to consider different metrics in unison. The results highlight the importance of catering for individual differences and lead to suggestions for improvements in the interface.

Mobile handheld devices are an increasing part of everyday fieldwork of news professionals. Mobile assignments delivered to mobile journalists' smartphones are one potential future development step. We present findings on using mobile assignments from two exploratory user studies in which smartphones were used as news reporting tools. Mobile assignments were perceived as handy for fast reporting situations and simple stories but challenging in case of more complex tasks. Structured information content of assignments, process phase based information and supporting situation and activity awareness would support the work of both editorial staff and mobile journalists. The locationing of reporters for sending location-based assignments was found acceptable for coordinating the work although some privacy concerns were expressed. The findings provide new information on using mobile assignments in work where carrying out tasks involves creativity and the tasks may be complex, not strictly limited or they may not have clear completion criteria. © 2012 ACM.

Video-based human-computer interaction has received increasing interest over the years. However, earlier research has been mainly focusing on technical characteristics of different methods rather than on user performance and experiences in using computer vision technology. This study aims to investigate performance characteristics of novice users and their subjective experiences in typing text with several video-based pointing and selection techniques. In Experiment 1, eye tracking and head tracking were applied for the task of pointing at the keys of a virtual keyboard. The results showed that gaze pointing was significantly faster but also more erroneous technique as compared with head pointing. Self-reported subjective ratings revealed that it was generally better, faster, more pleasant and efficient to type using gaze pointing than head pointing. In Experiment 2, mouth open and brows up facial gestures were utilized for confirming the selection of a given character. The results showed that text entry speed was approximately the same for both selection techniques, while mouth interaction caused significantly fewer errors than brow interaction. Subjective ratings did not reveal any significant differences between the techniques. Possibilities for design improvements are discussed.

Edgewrite is a text entry method where the user follows the edges of a physical guiding rectangle to enter corner sequences that are interpreted as characters. The original Edgewrite character set resembles the Latin alphabet and includes explicit character segmentation by lifting the stylus (or centering the joystick, etc). We present a variant of Edgewrite that we call the continuous Edgewrite. It relies on a dictionary instead of user's character segmentation to disambiguate words. New users can use the continuous Edgewrite with the help of an interactive visualization of possible continuations while writing. In a 6-session user study we measured initial text transcription performance (increased from 1 to 5.4 wpm) and the ratio of observed explicit segmentations to optimal continuous writing (decreased from 2.5 to 1.5). These results show that it is possible to learn to use the continuous writing mode, but also that the learning takes some time.

Our workshop has three primary goals. The first goal is community building: we want to get text entry researchers that are active in different communities into one place. Our second goal is to promote CHI as a natural and compelling focal point for all kinds of text entry research. The third goal is to discuss some difficult issues that are hard or near impossible to handle within the traditional format of research papers.

We propose a combination of gaze pointing and head gestures for enhanced hands-free interaction. Instead of the traditional dwell-time selection method, we experimented with five simple head gestures: nodding, turning left/right, and tilting left/right. The gestures were detected from the eye-tracking data by a range-based algorithm, which was found accurate enough in recognizing nodding and leftdirected gestures. The gaze estimation accuracy did not noticeably suffer from the quick head motions. Participants pointed to nodding as the best gesture for occasional selections tasks and rated the other gestures as promising methods for navigation (turning) and functional mode switching (tilting). In general, dwell time works well for repeated tasks such as eye typing. However, considering multimodal games or transient interactions in pervasive and mobile environments, we believe a combination of gaze and head interaction could potentially provide a natural and more accurate interaction method.

This paper proposes an improved version of a .fully tributed routing protocol, that is applicable for cloud computing infrastructure. Simulation results showstheprotocol is ideal for discovering cloud services ... a scalable manner with minimum latency.

In this paper, a monopole antenna backed by an inkjet-printed electromagnetic band gap ground (EBG) plane on paper substrate is proposed for wearable applications with drastically enhanced communication range. This novel design approach for WBAN and wearable biomonitoring applications alleviates the on-body antenna's performance degradation, which may cause a significant degradation of the wireless system's performance as well. The communication range improvement compared to conventional antenna is demonstrated by using a benchmarking commercial wireless temperature sensor module. In addition, the advantages and the integrability of the proposed wearable antenna topology into mobile wireless on-body health care systems is discussed in detail.

In recent work, a graphical modeling construct called "topological patterns" has been shown to enable concise representation and direct analysis of repetitive dataflow graph sub-structures in the context of design methods and tools for digital signal processing systems [1]. In this paper, we present a formal design method for specifying topological patterns and deriving parameterized schedules from such patterns based on a novel schedule model called the scalable schedule tree. The approach represents an important class of parameterized schedule structures in a form that is intuitive for representation and efficient for code generation. We demonstrate our methods for topological pattern representation, scalable schedule tree derivation, and associated dataflow graph code generation using a case study for image processing.

Cooperative communications have been recommended to exploit the inherent spatial diversity gains in multiuser wireless systems without the need of multiple transceivers at each node. This is achieved when wireless nodes help to each other to send multiple independent transmission paths to the destination. The advantage of cooperation can be exploited significantly by allocating the power of the system optimally. Thus, in this paper we first derive the approximate symbol error rate (SER) for multi-node cooperative networks employing decode-and-forward (DF) protocol with a maximum ratio combining (MRC) at the receiving terminals in Racian fading channels. Using the approximated SER expression, optimal power allocation (OPA) scheme under different line-of-sight (LOS) scenarios is investigated. Numerical and simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance improvement due to OPA of the cooperative networks.

In this paper we show a low cost and environmentally friendly fabrication for an agricultural sensing application. An antenna, a soil moisture sensor, and a leaf wetness sensor are inkjet-printed on paper substrate. A microprocessor attached to the paper substrate is capable of detecting the capacitance change on the surface of the sensor, and report the data over the wireless communication interface. This sensing system is useful to optimize irrigation systems.

The SiMPE workshop series started in 2006 [2] with the goal of enabling speech processing on mobile and embedded devices to meet the challenges of pervasive environments (such as noise) and leveraging the context they offer (such as location). SiMPE 2010 and 2011 brought together researchers from the speech and the HCI communities. Multimodality got more attention in SiMPE 2008 than it had received in the previous years. In SiMPE 2007, the focus was on developing regions. Speech User interaction in cars was a focus area in 2009. With SiMPE 2012, the 7th in the series, we hope to explore the area of speech along with sound. When using the mobile in an eyes-free manner, it is natural and convenient to hear about notifications and events. The arrival of an SMS has used a very simple sound based notification for a long time now. The technologies underlying speech processing and sound processing are quite different and these communities have been working mostly independent of each other. And yet, for multimodal interactions on the mobile, it is perhaps natural to ask whether and how speech and sound can be mixed and used more effectively and naturally.

Increasing use of multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) technology is an important trend in the design and implementation of signal processing systems. However, the design of efficient DSP software for MPSoC platforms involves complex inter-related steps, including data decomposition, memory management, and inter-task and inter-thread synchronization. These design steps are challenging, especially under strict constraints on performance and power consumption, and tight time to market pressures. To facilitate these steps, we have developed a new dataflow based design flow within the targeted dataflow interchange format (TDIF) design tool. Our new MPSoC-oriented design flow, called TDIF-PPG, is geared towards analysis and mapping of embedded DSP applications on MPSoCs. An important feature of TDIF-PPG is its capability to integrate graph level parallelism for DSP system flowgraphs and actor level parallelism for DSP functional modules into the application mapping processing. Here, graph level parallelism is exposed by the dataflow graph application representation in TDIF, and actor level parallelism is modeled by a novel model for multiprocessor dataflow graph implementation that we call the parallel processing group (PPG) model. We demonstrate our approach through actor and subsystem design for software defined radio.

This paper introduces the AIE-Studio (Audio Interfaces for Exploration), a modular dataflow patching library implemented with Pure Data. The AIE-Studio introduces new tools for procedural sound design through generative sonic and musical structures. Particular focus is on aesthetic experience. The designed modules allow versatile dataflow mapping through matrix routing system while also enabling the sound designer to influence generative processes of music creation. In particular, The AIE-Studio was used to create generative sonic and musical material in an embodied game-like application. In this paper we present key questions driving the research, theoretical background, research approach and the main development activities .

In this paper the lightweight many-to-many authentication protocol, that uses Near Field Communications as a carrier technology is proposed. The solution works without any user interaction and can be applied for almost any data storage device: NFC or RFID tag, USB-flash drive, etc. The major novelty of the system is real-time encryption key generation algorithm. This approach doesn't require any computation power on the tag, trusted third parties or secure link between tag and information system. So far, the mentioned features transforms to significant advantages of the proposed solution, while compared to existing analogues: OAuth, Opacity and LMAP. At the same time, the integrity of key sequences is not guarantied, that brings motivation for future research in the field.

We have created a movable, limitedly volumetric "immaterial" display. Our prototype is the first mobile, hand-held fogscreen. It can show e.g., slices of volumetric objects when swept across mid-air. It is based on the patented FogScreen [Fogio 2013] technology. The previous FogScreen installations have been fixed set-ups, where the screen device and a projector are typically rigged up, leaving space for the viewers to walk through the mid-air display. Also mid-air virtual reality and mid-air user interfaces have been implemented [DiVerdi et al. 2006, Rakkolainen et al. 2009]. 2013 Copyright held by the Owner/Author.

A visual data flow language (VDFL) allows graphical presentation of a computer program in the form of a directed graph, where data tokens travel through the arcs of the graph, and the vertices present e.g. the input token streams, calculations, comparisons, and conditionals. Amongst their benefits, VDFLs allow parallel computing and they are presumed to improve the quality of programming due to their intuitive readability. Thus, they are also suitable for computing education. However, the token-based computational model allowing parallel processing may make the programs more complicated than what they look. We propose a method for checking properties of VDFL programs using finite state processes (FSPs) using a commonly available labelled transition system analyser (LTSA) tool. The method can also be used to study different VDFL programming constructs for development or re-design of VDFLs. For our method, we have implemented a compiler that compiles a textual representation of a VDFL into FSPs.

People use social-photography services to tell stories about themselves and to solicit responses from viewers. State-of-the-art services concentrate on textual comments, "Like" buttons, or similar means for viewers to give explicit feedback, but they overlook other, non-textual means. This paper investigates how emotion responses-as video clips captured by the front camera of a cell phone and used as tags for the individual photo viewed-can enhance photo-sharing experiences for close-knit groups. Our exploration was carried out with a mobile social-photography service called Social Camera. Four user groups (N=19) used the application for two to four weeks. The study's results support the value of using front-camera video recordings to glean emotion response. It supports lightweight phatic social interactions not possible with comments and "Like" buttons. Most users kept sharing emotion responses throughout the study. They typically shared the responses right after they saw a just-taken photo received from a remote partner. They used the responses to share their current contexts with others just as much as to convey nuanced feelings about a photo. We discuss the implications for future design and research.

We describe the design and evaluation of a gestural text editing technique for touchscreen devices. The gestures are drawn on top of the soft keyboard and interpreted as commands for moving the caret, performing selections, and controlling the clipboard. Our implementation is an Android service that can be used in any text editing task on Android-based devices. We conducted an experiment to compare the gestural editing technique against the widget-based technique available on a smartphone (Samsung Galaxy II with Android 2.3.5). The results show a performance benefit of 13-24% for the gestural technique depending on the font size. Subjective feedback from the participants was also positive. Because the two editing techniques use different input areas, they can coexist on a device. This means that the gestural editing can be added on any soft keyboard without interfering with user experience for those users that choose not to use it.

Scaffolded learning tasks where programs are constructed from predefined code fragments by dragging and dropping them (i.e. Parsons problems) are well suited to mobile touch devices, but quite limited in their applicability. They do not adequately cater for different approaches to constructing a program. After studying solutions to automatically assessed programming exercises, we found out that many different solutions are composed of a relatively small set of mutually similar code lines. Thus, they can be constructed by using the drag-and-drop approach if only it was possible to edit some small parts of the predefined fragments. Based on this, we have designed and implemented a new exercise type for mobile devices that builds on Parsons problems and falls somewhere between their strict scaffolding and full-blown coding exercises. In these exercises, we can gradually fade the scaffolding and allow programs to be constructed more freely so as not to restrict thinking and limit creativity too much while still making sure we are able to deploy them to small-screen mobile devices. In addition to the new concept and the related implementation, we discuss other possibilities of how programming could be practiced on mobile devices.

Long term tracking of an object, given only a single instance in an initial frame, remains an open problem. We propose a visual tracking algorithm, robust to many of the difficulties which often occur in real-world scenes. Correspondences of edge-based features are used, to overcome the reliance on the texture of the tracked object and improve invariance to lighting. Furthermore we address long-term stability, enabling the tracker to recover from drift and to provide redetection following object disappearance or occlusion. The two-module principle is similar to the successful state-of-the-art long-term TLD tracker, however our approach extends to cases of low-textured objects. Besides reporting our results on the VOT Challenge dataset, we perform two additional experiments. Firstly, results on short-term sequences show the performance of tracking challenging objects which represent failure cases for competing state-of-the-art approaches. Secondly, long sequences are tracked, including one of almost 30000 frames which to our knowledge is the longest tracking sequence reported to date. This tests the re-detection and drift resistance properties of the tracker. All the results are comparable to the state-of-the-art on sequences with textured objects and superior on non-textured objects. The new annotated sequences are made publicly available.

Many kinds of displays can be used for augmented reality (AR). Multimodal head-mounted pico projector is a concept, which is little explored for AR. It opens new possibilities for wearable dis-plays. In this paper we present our proof-of-concept prototype of a multimodal head-mounted pico projector. Our main contributions are the display concept and some usage examples for it.

In this paper, we considered the possibility of using electricity harvested from the microwave field leaked from commercial microwave ovens. Our experimental results showed that the leakage received by a dipole antenna was about 0 dBm (1 mW) at a point 5 cm in front of the door. A rectenna consisting of a dipole antenna and charge pump can convert the leaked microwave energy into a DC current. When a microwave oven is operated for 2 min, 9.98 mJ of energy was harvested. We demonstrated that this energy is sufficient for powering a digital cooking timer to count down for 3 min and beep for 2.5 s. The operation of other kitchen devices was also demonstrated.

Visual information on eye movements can be used to facilitate scrolling while one is reading on-screen text. We carried out an experiment to find preferred reading regions on the screen and implemented an automatic scrolling technique based on the preferred regions of each individual reader. We then examined whether manual and automatic scrolling have an effect on reading behaviour on the basis of eye movement metrics, such as fixation duration and fixation count. We also studied how different font sizes affect the eye movement metrics. Results of analysis of data collected from 24 participants indicated no significant difference between manual and automatic scrolling in reading behaviour. Preferred reading regions on the screen varied among the participants. Most of them preferred relatively short regions. A significant effect of font size on fixation count was found. Subjective opinions indicated that participants found automatic scrolling convenient to use.

In this paper, we report on the analysis of a novel type of automatically recorded detailed programming session data collected on a university-level web programming course. We present a method and an implementation of collecting rich data on how students learning to program edit and execute code and explore its use in examining learners' behavior. The data collection instrument is an in-browser Python programming environment that integrates an editor, an execution environment, and an interactive Python console and is used to deliver programming assignments with automatic feedback. Most importantly, the environment records learners' interaction within it. We have implemented tools for viewing these traces and demonstrate their potential in learning about the programming processes of learners and of benefiting computing education research and the teaching of programming.

The SiMPE workshop series started in 2006 with the goal of enabling speech processing on mobile and embedded devices. The SiMPE 2012 workshop extended the notion of audio to non-speech "Sounds" and thus the expansion became "Speech and Sound". SiMPE 2010 and 2011 brought together researchers from the speech and the HCI communities. Speech User interaction in cars was a focus area in 2009. Multimodality got more attention in SiMPE 2008. In SiMPE 2007, the focus was on developing regions. With SiMPE 2013, the 8th in the series, we continue to explore the area of speech along with sound. Akin to language processing and text-to-speech synthesis in the voice-driven interaction loop, sensors can track continuous human activities such as singing, walking, or shaking the mobile phone, and non-speech audio can facilitate continuous interaction. The technologies underlying speech processing and sound processing are quite different and these communities have been working mostly independent of each other. And yet, for multimodal interactions on the mobile, it is perhaps natural to ask whether and how speech and sound can be mixed and used more effectively and naturally.

Visual tracking has attracted a significant attention in the last few decades. The recent surge in the number of publications on tracking-related problems have made it almost impossible to follow the developments in the field. One of the reasons is that there is a lack of commonly accepted annotated data-sets and standardized evaluation protocols that would allow objective comparison of different tracking methods. To address this issue, the Visual Object Tracking (VOT) workshop was organized in conjunction with ICCV2013. Researchers from academia as well as industry were invited to participate in the first VOT2013 challenge which aimed at single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance (model-free). Presented here is the VOT2013 benchmark dataset for evaluation of single-object visual trackers as well as the results obtained by the trackers competing in the challenge. In contrast to related attempts in tracker benchmarking, the dataset is labeled per-frame by visual attributes that indicate occlusion, illumination change, motion change, size change and camera motion, offering a more systematic comparison of the trackers. Furthermore, we have designed an automated system for performing and evaluating the experiments. We present the evaluation protocol of the VOT2013 challenge and the results of a comparison of 27 trackers on the benchmark dataset. The dataset, the evaluation tools and the tracker rankings are publicly available from the challenge website (http://votchallenge. net).

In this paper, we present a designer-configurable, resource efficient FPGA architecture for OFDM system implementation. Our design achieves a significant improvement in resource efficiency for a given data rate. This efficiency improvement is achieved through careful analysis of how FFT computation is performed within the context of OFDM systems, and streamlining memory management and control logic based on this analysis. In particular, our OFDM-targeted FFT design eliminates redundant buffer memory, and simplifies control logic to save FPGA resources. We have synthesized and tested our design using the Xilinx ISE 13.4 synthesis tool, and compared the results with the Xilinx FFT v7.1, which is a widely used commercial FPGA IP core. We have demonstrated that our design provides at least 8.8% enhancement in terms of resource efficiency compared to Xilinx FFT v7.1 when it is embedded within the same OFDM configuration.

The Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF) is a subjective and objective image quality improving filter in the High Efficiency Video Coding standard (HEVC). The ALF has shown to be computationally complex and its complexity has been reduced during the HEVC development process. In the HEVC TestModel HM-7.0 ALF is a 9×7 cross + 3×3 square shaped filter. This paper presents a programmable application specific instruction processor for the ALF. The proposed processor processes 1920×1080p luminance frames at 30 frames per second, when operated at a clock frequency of 311MHz. Low power consumption and a low gate count make the proposed processor suitable for embedded devices. The processor program code is written in pure C-language, which allows versatile use of the circuit and updates to the filter functionality without modifying the processor design. To the authors' best knowledge this is the first programmable solution for ALF on embedded devices.